【中国读本里的魅力中国】丝绸之路（1）—— 这场战争你一定要了解

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旨在弘扬与传布中华优良文化的英语读本

The Han–Xiongnu War was a series of military battles fought between the Chinese Han empire and the Xiongnu from 133 BC to 89 AD.

西汉和匈奴之间的战争发作在公元前133年到公元89年期间。

a series of

一系列的；连续串的

Under Emperor Wu's reign (141–87 BC), the Han empire changed from a relatively passiveforeign policy to an offensivestrategy in order to deal with the increasing Xiongnu incursions on the northern frontier. In 133 BC, the conflictescalated to a full-scale war when the Xiongnu realized that the Han was about to ambushthem at Mayi.

在汉武帝统治期间，汉朝从相对被动的外交政策改变为进攻战术，以应对匈奴在北方边境日益频繁的进侵。公元前133年，当匈奴意识到汉朝要在马邑伏击他们时，抵触晋级为全面战争。

passive/ ˈpæsɪv /

adj. 消极的，被动的；被动语态的；（对抗）非暴力的

展开全文

offensive/ əˈfensɪv /

adj. 无礼的，冲犯的；令人不快（厌恶）的；进攻的，进攻性的

例：

Some friends of his found the play horribly offensive.

他的一些伴侣觉得那部戏让人很不温馨。

This poster is offensive and degrades women.

那张海报莽撞无礼，有辱女性威严。

conflict/ ˈkɒnflɪkt /

n. 争论，争论，不合；战斗，战争；

ambush/ ˈæmbʊʃ /

n.伏击，暗藏

The Han court decided to deployseveral military expeditions towards the regions situated in the Ordos Loop, Hexi Corridor, and Gobi Desert in a successful attempt to conquer it and expelthe Xiongnu. Hereafter, the war progressed further towards the many smaller states of the Western Regions. The nature of the battles varied through time with many casualtiesduring the changes of possession or loss of actual control over the western states near the frontier regions.

汉朝决定屡次向鄂尔多斯环、河西走廊和沙漠戈壁地域差遣军事动作，胜利占据了鄂尔多斯环、河西走廊和沙漠戈壁，摈除了匈奴。尔后，战争进一步在匈奴所占区域的西部停止。战争跟着时间的改变也发作了一些改变，在西部边境地域的现实掌握权的争夺过程中形成了许多伤亡。

deploy/ dɪˈplɔɪ /

v. 摆设，调度；操纵

例：

The president said he had no intention of deploying ground troops.

总统说他无意调遣空中队伍。

At least 5 000 missiles were deployed along the border.

沿边境至少摆设了5000枚导弹。

expel/ ɪkˈspel /

v. 把……开除（或除名）

casualties/ ˈkæʒuəlti /

n. 伤亡人员；受害者

Regional alliancesalso tended to shift or get broken forcibly depending on the situation as one party gained the upper hand in a certain territory over the other. However, the Han empire's political influence expanded deeply into Central Asia.

匈奴内部的联盟也会因交战一方在某一地域的战争获胜而发作改变或强行崩溃。之后，大汉帝国的政治影响深进到中亚地域。

alliance/ əˈlaɪəns /

n. 联盟，结盟；结盟团体，结友邦家

As the situation deteriorated for the Xiongnu, civil war befell and weakened the confederation. Eventually, the Southern Xiongnu submitted to the Han empire while the Northern Xiongnu continued to resist. Marked by significant events involving the conquests over various smaller states for control and many large-scale battles, the war resulted inthe total victory of the Han empire over the Xiongnu state in 89 AD.

跟着匈奴场面地步的恶化，内部呈现了内战，削弱了他们构成的联盟。最末，南方的匈奴让步于汉朝，而北方的匈奴陆续对抗。通过征服匈奴中的小国度和许多大规模的战斗，那场战争让汉朝在公元89年彻底战胜了匈奴。

resultin/ rɪˈzʌlt ɪn /

招致，成果是

《中国读本里的魅力中国》

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