匈牙利语言巨匠卡莫·洛姆布关于学语言的十个 not to do

　　匈牙利语言巨匠卡莫·洛姆布关于学语言的十个" not to do"

　　各人也许晓得语言巨匠卡莫·洛姆布（KATÓ LOMB）关于学外语的十条贵重体味。此外，她还有十个关于学外语的告诫，现摘录如下，供各人参考：

　　As seven of the biblical Ten Commandments are in the negative, let me now list what not to do if you aim to achieve an acceptable level of linguistic mastery within an accept-able time frame.

　　1.Do not postpone embarking on learning a new language—or restarting such a study—until the time of a prospective trip abroad. Rather, try to gain access to native speakers of your target language who are on a visit to your country and who do not speak your language. If you accompany them and show them around, they will help you solidify your knowledge of their language out of gratitude; they will enrich your vocabulary and over-look the mistakes you make.

　　2. Do not expect the same behavior from your compatri-ots. Do not practice on them because they will be prone to giving prime time to your errors—or at the very least, they will be inclined to employ meaningful facial gestures—to demonstrate how much better they are at it.

　　3. Do not believe that instruction by a teacher of a course, however intense and in-depth that might be, gives you an excuse not to delve into the language on your own. For this reason you should, from the outset, get into browsing through illustrated magazines and into listening to radio programs and/or prerecorded cassettes.

　　4.In your browsing, do not get obsessed with words you don’t know or structures you don’t understand. Build com-prehension on what you already know. Do not automati-cally reach for the dictionary if you encounter a word or two that you don’t understand. If the expression is important, it will reappear and explain itself; if it is not so important, it is no big loss to gloss over it.

　　5.Do not miss noting down your impressions in your own words, with familiar expressions. Write in simple sentenc-es; words you can’t think of at the time can be replaced by words from your own language.

　　6. Do not be deterred from speaking by the fear of making mistakes. The flow of speech creates a chain reaction: the context will lead you to the right track.

　　7.Do not forget a large number of filler expressions and sentence-launching phrases. It is great when you can break the ice with a few formulas that are always on hand and can help you over the initial embarrassment of beginning a con-versation, such as “My French is kind of shaky” or “It’s been a while since I spoke Russian,” etc.

　　8.Do not memorize any linguistic element (expression) outside of its context, partly because a word may have several different meanings: e.g., the English word comforter may refer to someone who is consoling another, or it can mean a knitted shawl, a quilt or eiderdown, or yet again a baby’s pacifier. In addition, it is good, right off the bat, to get used to the practice of leaving the vortex of meanings around the word in your own language alone and reaching out to its kin word in the new language or to the context you have most frequently encountered it in.

　　9.Do not leave newly learned structures or expressions hanging in the air. Fix them in your memory by fitting them into different, new settings: into your sphere of interest, into the reality of your own life.

　　10. Do not be shy of learning poems or songs by heart. Good diction plays a more significant role in speech performance than the mere articulation of individual sounds. Verses and melodies impose certain constraints. They set what sounds must be long and which ones must be short. The rhythm inherent in them guides speakers and helps them avoid the intonation traps of their native language.

　　摘自（polyglot how I learn language )一书。